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Diabetes Mellitus, commonly referred as diabetes is the condition in which blood glucose level is increased either due to inadequate production of insulin or due to improper body’s response towards insulin or even both. In this condition body losses control over the level of glucose in the blood, hence resulting in increasing blood glucose level. People suffering from the diabetes do not have enough insulin production or effective insulin activity causing high blood sugar levels. There are different types of diabetes depending upon different types of insulin abnormalities in the body. There are majorly three types of diabetes:
- Type1 diabetes: is the result of the body’s failure in insulin production
- Type 2 diabetes: is the condition where the body fails to, sufficiently, utilize insulin for the energy production
- Gestational diabetes: occurs when without prior diagnosis of diabetes, pregnant women develop high blood glucose level in the body.
Signs and Symptoms:+
Following are the typical signs and symptoms of developing diabetes.
- Increased hunger
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Change in vision
- Skin rashes
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Dry and itchy skin
- Slow healing of sores
- Tingling in the feet or even loss of feeling
General diagnostic tests suggested:+
Following are the tests which are used to diagnose diabetes.
- Fasting blood glucose test: In this test blood glucose level is checked after the fasting condition of the patient for at least 12 to 14 hours. Although water can be consumed in this duration, but any other beverages are strictly avoided. Even patients are advised to delay their medication of diabetes until the fasting blood glucose test is being completed.
- Random blood glucose test: This test is being carried out at any time during the whole day, irrespective of the duration and frequency of the food intake. The person who does not have diabetes tends to have a constant blood glucose level irrespective of the fasting or non fasting body condition.
- Oral glucose tolerance test: In this test, a patient is given a high glucose drink to consume and later blood samples are taken at regular intervals for two hours.
Test available at Oncquest:+
- Test: GCT (Glucose Challenge Test); Gluose 1 hour obstetrical Glucose for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, 1 hour screen. (Does not include a fasting blood glucose specimen. Only one sample to be taken exactly 1 hour after oral administration of 50 gms. Glucose)
The technique used: Spectrophotometry
Sample required: 2 ml. (1 ml. Minimum) Plasma.
Special Instruction: Does not include a fasting blood glucose specimen.
Run days at section: Daily if received before 2:00 PM.
Reported on: Same day by 7 PM.
- Test: Diabetes Profile (BASIC) includes -Glucose (F & PP) and HBA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)
Sample required: 3 ml. (2 ml. Minimum) Whole Blood.
Special Instruction: fasting is preferred. The PP sample must be withdrawn exactly after 2 hours of a normal to heavy meal.
Run days at section: Daily if received before 2:00 PM.
Reported on: Same day by 7 PM.
- Test: Diabetes Profile (COMPREHENSIVE) includes – Glucose (F & PP), HBA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin), Urea * Uric Acid *Creatinine, Cholesterol (Total) *Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol *LDL Cholesterol, Microalbumin, Morning’s 2nd Urine, Urine Examination Routine & microscopic.
Sample required: 3 ml. (2 ml. Minimum) Whole Blood.
Special Instruction: fasting is preferred. The PP sample must be withdrawn exactly after 2 hours of a normal to heavy meal.
Run days at section: Daily if received before 2:00 PM.
Reported on: Same day by 7 PM.