Chromosomal Karyotyping for Cancer

Conventional Chromosomal Karyotyping for detection of cancers.: 

Chromosomal analysis is aimed at studying: wild type transition of genes due to mutations by the virtue of complete inversion, base pair addition - deletions - or gene translocations. These genetic abnormalities may assist clinicians to categorize it as Constitutional abnormality such as Trisomy OR induced, acquired abnormality..

Clinical Cytogenetics analyses are performed on stained metaphase chromosomes to produce G-bonding specific to each chromosome, this allows for the detection of subtle changes in Chromosome structure. Varieties of other staining techniques are available to identify specific abnormalities. Stained preparations when examined under microscope, typically fifteen to twenty metaphases are scanned and counted, with of least five metaphases being fully analyzed. During complete analysis, each chromosome is critically compared for band, with it's homologous one. It is necessary to examine these many cells in order to detect clinically significant pattern of mosaicism.

Methodology:

The specimen of the patient is harvested to obtain cells in the metaphase stage of mitosis that are then spread on slides. The metaphase cells subsequently banded to check for reproducible G – banding pattern on each chromosome.